The Questions That Separate Good Plumbers from Bad Ones
Hiring the wrong plumber can cost you thousands in water damage, code violations, or botched repairs. These 10 questions protect you before any work begins.
1. Are You Licensed and Insured?
This is non-negotiable. Most states require plumbers to hold a license—verify it with your state licensing board (not just their word). Ask for proof of:
- General liability insurance ($500,000+ minimum)
- Workers' compensation (protects you if a worker is injured on your property)
2. How Do You Charge—Hourly or Flat Rate?
Flat-rate pricing is better for homeowners because the price is agreed upon before work begins. If they charge hourly ($75–$200/hr), ask for a written time estimate. Either way, get the total estimate in writing.
3. Do You Pull Permits for This Work?
Water heater installations, repipes, and sewer line work require building permits in most cities. If a plumber says "you don't need a permit" for these jobs, that's a serious red flag. Unpermitted work can void your home insurance and cause problems when you sell.
4. What's Your Warranty on Labor?
Reputable plumbers warranty their labor for 1–2 years. Parts warranties are separate (manufacturer warranties). If they offer no warranty, move on.
5. How Long Should This Repair Last?
A good plumber will give you a straight answer. For example: a properly installed water heater should last 8–12 years, copper pipes 50+ years, PEX pipes 25–50 years. If they dodge this question, they may not be confident in their work.
6. Can You Provide References from Recent Customers?
Ask for 2–3 references from the last 6 months. Actually call them. Ask about timeliness, cleanliness, communication, and whether the final price matched the estimate.
7. What's Included in the Estimate—and What's Not?
Always ask about exclusions. Common surprises: permit fees, disposal of old fixtures, drywall or flooring repair after access, and code upgrades discovered during work.
8. How Do You Handle Unexpected Issues?
Good answer: "We stop work, show you the problem, explain your options, and get your approval before proceeding." Bad answer: "We just fix whatever we find." The second response leads to surprise bills.
9. Who Will Be Doing the Work?
Some companies send licensed plumbers for estimates but unlicensed apprentices for the work. Ask who will be on-site and verify their credentials.
10. What's Your Payment Schedule?
Reasonable: 10–30% deposit, remainder on completion. Never pay more than 50% upfront and never pay in full before work is complete.
Bonus: The "Gut Check" Question
Ask: "What would you do if this were your own house?" A trustworthy plumber gives you an honest, practical answer—not the most expensive option.